![]() ![]() The normal operation of the motor is to rotate in forward direction. ![]() This is used to adjust the speed of the motor. The POT is connected to the analog pin A0 of the Arduino. The working of the project is explained here assuming all the connections are made as per the circuit diagram. Hence, we need to form an H-bridge using transistors in order to drive the motor. The aim of this project is to control the speed and direction of a DC Motor without using a Motor Driver IC. In order to eliminate the effect of any back EMF, four diodes are connected across the collector and emitter of each transistor. All these connections are made through four 1 KΩ resistors.Ī DC Motor is an inductive load and can produce back EMF when we are changing the direction. Pins 5 and 4 are connected to base of Q2 and Q3 respectively. The pins 3 and 2 of the Arduino are connected to the base of Q1 and Q4 respectively. The inputs to the transistors are given from the Arduino. Transistors Q1 and Q4 form the backward direction path while transistors Q2 and Q3 form forward rotation path. a DC Motor in the center, they form an H – bridge. Four transistors are connected as shown in the circuit diagram. ![]() The other terminals are connected to Vcc and GND. The wiper terminal of the POT is connected to the Analog Pin (A0) of the Arduino. Circuit DesignĪrduino is the main processing unit of the project. Hence, four transistors with high current capability are used. The maximum output current that is available from Arduino’s I/O pins is 50mA, which is not sufficient to drive a motor. It is an NPN transistor with an output current of 800mA. Arduino is responsible for controlling the speed and direction of the motor with the help of other components. The microcontroller used on the Arduino Uno board is ATmega328p. It is a Microcontroller Based prototyping board. The circuit diagram, description and its working are mentioned below. Hence, we use transistors to form an H-bridge to drive the motor. A DC Motor can’t be connected to a Microcontroller as the output current of the Microcontroller is very small and it cannot drive the motor. In this project, an Arduino based speed and direction control of DC motor without using Motor Driver IC is designed. It can also control the direction of the rotation. A Motor Driver IC provides the necessary current for the motor to run. Generally, when a DC motor is associated with any microcontroller based system, it is often connected using a Motor Driver IC. There are different types of DC motors: Brushed DC motor, Brushless DC motor, Geared DC motor, Servo motor, Stepper motor and DC Linear Actuator.ĭifferent types of motors are used in different applications like Robotics, precision positioning, industrial automation etc. DC Motor is an actuator that converts the DC supply to rotation or movement. DC Motors are found everywhere: electronics, toys, fans, tools, discs, pumps etc. ![]()
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